Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability
Volume:2 Issue: 1, Winter 2020

In this paper the impact of climate change on southern Caspian Sea (CS) building energy demand was investigated by means of the degree-days method. Estimate heating degree-days (HDD) and cooling degree-days (CDD) from annual and seasonal simulated temperature data are required. To this end, data were received from EH5OM, the website of the Abdus Salam International Theoretical Physics Center (Italy). These data were run from 2015 to 2050 under A1 B scenario by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. For downscaling purposes, the fourth version of RegCM4 was used Heating and cooling degree-day with 18.3°C and 23.9°C temperature thresholds were calculated and then sum of annual and seasonal means of degree- day were obtained. The Results show that, at the northwestern corner of the Golestan province parts, the maximum temperature is observed; while in the southern parts of the Gilan and Mazandaran province minimum is recorded. Also a strong inverse relationship between temperature and elevation is observed. The lowest Annual energy consumption for Cooling would take place in the south Gilan province and so west and south Mazandaran province; while the highest energy consumption would be observed in the regions have low elevation, such as the northeastern Golestan province. The CDD values are negatively related to elevation and positively related to longitude and latitude.

Tourism is today considered one of the biggest and most diverse industries in the cosmos, and its rapid development has contributed to many social, economic and environmental varieties. For this cause, it has become an important subject of study among scholars. Cultural events, including those occurring in one address, such as university, can be regarded as an important source for attracting tourists and developing the land. Increasing the level of science and cognition can help ameliorate the lives of the masses of the community and develop economic and societal growth.  The aim of this study was to look into the role of cultural events in the political economy of academic cities to develop the tourism in Kish Island. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Using library studies and area studies (interviews and questionnaires), the outcomes have been analyzed using SPSS software and single-sample chi-square test. Outcomes indicate that cultural events and the universities are influential in the economy of Kish. Besides, these issues have a significant impact on the growth of tourism in the area.

Resilience is one of the most important factors to achieve sustainable management and good urban governance and it is a way towards the improvement of communities building upon their capacities. Therefore, in present research social resilience of Zanjan city to earthquakes was evaluated using a descriptive-analytical method. The present study employed a database (Geographical Information System (GIS), an analytical-spatial model (social resilience evaluation model) and a decision-making model (Quantified  Strategic  Planning  Matrix  (QSPM)).  Factors  that  contribute  to  the  level  of  social  resilience studied in the present research consisted of four criteria and twenty-eight sub-criteria. They were weighted based on their importance using an analytic hierarchical process (AHP); then GIS was used to address the level of social resilience of Zanjan city to earthquakes and finally vulnerable areas and neighborhoods were identified. Findings suggest that about 40% of Zanjan city area is of a low resilience to earthquakes and the most vulnerable areas include the old texture of such neighborhoods as Islam Abad and Kooye Farhang in District 3, Bisim in District 5 and such neighborhoods as Sabzeh Meidan and Davoud Qoli road located in Districts 1 and 2. In the next step, QSPM was used for decision making and selection of optimal strategies in order to prioritize strategies to implement in areas with high vulnerability and low social resilience.

Kerala is one of the fastest growing urbanising states in India and half of the population residing in urban areas. The Kochi city region is having a population of 2.119 million (Census, 2011) and it is situated on the western coast of India in Ernakulam district of Kerala. Kochi is abundantly blessed with waterways with over 1,100 kms. However, only forty kilometers out of these are considered navigable for motor boats (IWAI). The aim of study is to evaluate whether and how Inland Water Transport can provide a valuable input to reimagining Kochi City Region through tourism development. The objective of the study is to assess existing Inland water transportation with tourism development and integrating plan for Backwaters Transportation with Tourism Development. This paper identifies a conceptual frame- work within which the effect of Backwater transportation with tourism development. The study is mainly based on sec- ondary sources of data including availability of infrastructure facilities at ferry station and tourist spots etc. Visual survey was conducted in ferry stations, tourist spots and tourist circuits and about 70 structured interview questionnaires were used to elicit the information from tourist, private boat operators and stakeholders in Kochi City Region through Opinion Survey. This paper attempts to analyze the efficiency of Backwaters transport with tourism development and explore sustainable development of tourism through integrating inland water transport for reimagining the Kochi City Region.

The aim of this research is an explanation of culture-led regeneration model in city centers in order to contend in the context of urban management issues. This research seeks to codify the theoretical framework and drawing the conceptual model of culture-led regeneration in urban centers in society to compete by examining the concepts and positions. It likewise undertakes to make a good example of culture- led by examining the theory. The research method founded on the objective is employed and is descriptive- analytically in terms of information aggregation. In the descriptive portion of the study is a field study and in the analytical section, the research is exploratory and field research. Also, the structural equation method has been applied in order to the analysis of the effects between variables. For this determination, a questionnaire with closed questions and in the form of the Likert spectrum has been employed as a tool for information collection and LISREL software as a data analysis tool. The theoretical consequences of this research show that the culture-led regeneration, as a comprehensive and integrated action, uses culture as the catalyst for development and seeks to strengthen the multi-functional spirit. It likewise seeks to preserve and make the valuable urban resources to get into the internal competition and transnational. This intent is pursued by the consolidation of four approaches which include creative and cultural industries, shoes making, cultural tourism and eventful and city branding. As according to practical findings of research, creative and cultural industries, Functional component, physical- design component, the semantic component  have  significant effects on city competitiveness.

Open space as a supplementary for green space results in reduction of human and constructional density. These places offer opportunities for creative growth, social interaction and conflict; applications such as establishing communication, relaxation and recreation are very efficient in cutting down pollution and improving the surroundings. Open spaces between residential buildings are placed in daily life where residents have relations with nature and spend their leisure time. In the past times, the courtyard was the beginning and the most accessible space to experience a tight relationship with nature and open place. In current conditions, the houses built in urban cores such as Tehran are not capable to supply most of the Iranian life needs. residential open spaces have various features and dimensions, and their principles and their planning criteria can be applied to achieve an appropriate residential environment. Some of these dimensions which their related criteria were noted in reviewing the principal disciplines and will be likewise utilized to analyze. On analysis stage, first, classifying documentary, statistical and spatial data with regard to the research objectives was done on the subject and field form, interviewing, photographing, using documents and available maps and also reference information and finding are classi- fied. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used for qualitative assessment.

Green infrastructure provides a contemporary approach to the conceptualization and management of landscape resources The attention given to growth in green infrastructure has been backed up by the evolution of a number of overarching principles that provide green infrastructure research with a multi-layered understanding of the shifting nature of landscape resources. The object of research outlines the complex nature of green infrastructure development, its meanings, its perception in the landscape and use as an approach to landscape planning. Three central topics are distinguished. Firstly, by exploring variations in the imports of green infrastructure, the second explores the role of perceptions in the value and the role of green infrastructure resources and last one discusses the current green infrastructure use by practitioners The varied shades of green infrastructure are outlined and an assessment is made of how the principles of green infrastructure have been translated into appropriate landscape management In this study identify a number of conceptual and execution principles for green infrastructure. Founded on these discussions, this study suggests that a green infrastructure approach to planning can be practiced to take on the complex challenges of current landscape planning. With continued growth of green infrastructure, some of the most pressing topics in preparation, such as green space planning or sustainable urban development, can be discussed and These issues are discussed throughout the inquiry and clear links are drawn between this exploratory green infrastructure research and planning exercise.

Cities are continually shifting. Sometimes change will affect growth, whereas at other times it will lead to decay. Development and decline are reflected in the built environment through the dynamics of evolution (including renovation and renewal) and decay, the difficulty of this project turns out from the increasing complexity of urban envi- ronments and from the unpredictability of external changes, two styles that have promoted environmental awareness and, consequently, contributed to a growing debate on the relationship between city and nature. By looking at urban resilience through the lens of urban variety. It can be touched on to urban form as a product of the continuous tension between recovery and adaptation on several spatial and temporal scales of transformation.Although recent resilience approaches, such as spatial resilience, general resilience, and urban resilience, have dealt with urban form indirectly, and, conversely, some works in urban morphology have tried to comprehend the complexity of urban-natural environments, an explicit morphological perspective on urban resilience is still lacking in research. The paper is divided in three main parts: formal thinking of resilience, resilience of urban form (fitness, performance, and sustainability), and an urban network perspective on the two concepts. It closes with a discourse on the possibility of a space morphological approach to general urban resilience.

The concept of resilience emerged as a central theme of industrial and urban development, although recent resilience approaches, such as spatial resilience, general resilience, and urban resilience, have dealt with Infra- structure subjects and, conversely, some works in urban issues have tried to comprehend the complexity of urban-natural environments, an explicit Industrial perspective on urban resilience is still lacking in research. The paper is divided into main parts: formal thinking of resilience, the resilience of urban infrastructure), and sustainability approaches. This in- quiry is of a descriptive-analytical nature, and in terms of design, it is a character of development research that is borne out in the course of a recapitulation of the documents of the latest research achievements, and ultimately bringing into account the concepts of a sustainable urban infrastructure.Sustainable infrastructure refers to infrastructure projects that are contrived, projected, built, worked, and decommis- sioned in a fashion to assure economic and financial, social, environmental and institutional sustainability over the full life cycle of the project, this research aimed to explain the sustainability of infrastructure in urbanity and try to reveal that how the industrial approach can have utilized main ideas to spatial form in modern urban centers.

The concept of urban resilience, considering the extent of these changes, seeks to predict the damage, as easily as to stabilize a system that is particularly important when discussing a valuable historical fabric. Urban form as comprehensive idea, composed of all visible elements of the urban center, whether natural or artifact, and the spatial crystallization and form of the activities of the urban community, which is exemplified by its three dimensional nature, in addition to the surface, in bulk. This composition includes human artifacts, buildings, road networks, open spaces and urban facilities, and natural elements such as topographical complications, currents and vegetation, and the study of its resilience can be a shortcut to measure the stability of the system on an intermediate scale. The aim of this study is to explain the structure and optimal model of the resilience in the urban form of the worn-out neighborhood forces. In explaining the urban regeneration approach. Finally, with the formulation, explanation and emphasis on the fundamental concepts of sustainability, which is one of the most respected developers in developing countries, our country can, given the ancient history of historical cities in most of the metropolis of the country, and changing the nature of the type of intervention in Development of tourism as well as optimization of tissue efficiency and these issues are considered as a principle in most urban design projects. To suggest researchers in the future research, we can examine the more accurate relationship and the quality of the relationship between burnout and inefficiency in neighborhoods, which expresses and analyzes the type of this intersection as a systemic relationship.

Developing countries generally refer to governance on people in the name of an “Urban good gover- nance” as a proper process of urban management. In fact, from the point of persuasion of the international institutions of policy, economics and politics, good governance has been promoted as the key to the concept of evolution. The present necessity is based on the lack of integrity in the urban management structure of Tehran, which is also subject to organi- zational and functional disruption based on the theoretical structure. Therefore, the conceptual framework definition on the macro scale of the structure is considered not only as the main necessity of the governance system in the sphere of governance. But democratic and bottom-up analysis in planning, designing a model of good urban sense of judgment can address the main problems of urban management not only in Tehran, but also in other cities of Iran. The main purpose of the research is to explain the conceptual framework of urban integrated management based on urban good governance and also to determine the meaningful relationships of functional, structural and organizational factors of integrated management according to the principles of governance and the evaluation of effective indicators of integrated urban management. The present research is descriptive-analytical method. In terms of the purpose, the hypoth- esized frameworks are classified through a comparative structure that is extracted from the components, sub-components and main indicators, and then all of these indices are derived from the homogeneity filter, Overlap and packs are passed, which is reduced to a single form of 74 sub-components and 13 indicators. To evaluate and analyze the following sub- criteria and criteria indices, we use the weight distribution method, taking into account the Delphi method, which was first calculated by taking into account the weight of the weight and examining the differences between each of them, and the indicators with the main priority Such as participation, service, transparency and effectiveness are considered as indicators of the type of observation and examination of specialized groups in the institutions and related organizations

Given the rapid industrialization process in the world, most countries, especially developing countries, are experiencing rapid urbanization, and in relation to this demographic development, one of the main concerns of today’s cities is to reach the concept of sustainability in its international stereotype. The review of urban development patterns in recent decades suggests the instability of the growth and development of urban communities, and important environmental indicators indicate a serious threat to urban systems, which, in the form of urban dispersion, lead to sus- tainable urban development Confronts. Urban transport as one of the main principles of sustainability with integrated management affects economic efficiency, environmental issues, resource consumption, land use and social justice, and results in lower productivity of optimal development patterns and improved people’s livelihoods. Biking directions as the main priority of urban green transportation are of interest to this research and are trying to present strategies for propos- ing a suitable development platform with explanation of sustainability criteria in relation to the urban dispersal scourge.